This journal provides a forum for the exchanges of ideas on all aspects of carbonate and evaporite geology. In addition to professional papers, Carbonates and Evaporites features reports from meetings, news from societies, letters to the editor, and a regular book review section. Of interest to professionals and students alike, Carbonates and Evaporites will be a useful and interesting addition to any geological library.
Carcinogenesis: Integrative Cancer Research is a multi-disciplinary journal that brings together all the varied aspects of research that will ultimately lead to the prevention of cancer in man. The journal will publish papers that warrant prompt publication in the areas of Cancer Biology (including the processes of promotion, progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, genomic instability, growth factors, cell and molecular biology, mutation, DNA repair, genetics, etc.), Molecular Epidemiology (including genetic predisposition to cancer, and epidemiology), Cancer Prevention (including molecular dosimetry, chemoprevention, nutrition and cancer, etc.), and Carcinogenesis (including viral, chemical and physical carcinogenesis, metabolism of carcinogens, and the formation, detection, identification and quantification of environmental carcinogens).
Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics provides you with practical, hands-on advice on the evaluation and management of patients with heart rhythm disorders. Each issue provides expert, state-of-the-art discussions on a single topic relevant to your practice. You'll find clear, comprehensive coverage on valuable topics such as sudden cardiac death, diagnostic evaluation of arrhythmias, advances in arrhythmia analysis, arrhythmias in special populations, antiarrhythmic drug therapy, cardiac pacing and defibrillation, genetics and pharmacogentics, and much more.Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics is published four times a year—March, June, September, and December.
The journal of ‘CardioRenal Medicine’ explores the mechanisms by which obesity and other metabolic abnormalities promote the pathogenesis and progression of heart and kidney disease (cardiorenal metabolic syndrome). It provides an interdisciplinary platform for the advancement of research and clinical practice, focussing on translational issues. Attention is paid to the fact that some metabolic abnormalities cluster with heart and chronic kidney disease, and collectively this is called the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome. Moreover, certain metabolic abnormalities of the heart promote impaired coronary artery endothelial function, diastolic dysfunction and ischemic reconditioning that parallel glomerular hyperfiltration and impairments in proximal tubule handling of sodium and albumin. Another point of focus is the role of the obesity epidemic in promoting the increasing incidence of heart and kidney disease in industrialized countries and the prevailing problems of insufficient exercise and excessive consumption of cheap, unwholesome food in promotion of the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome in both adults and children.
CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology publishes peer-reviewed original research work including laboratory and clinical investigations, technical notes, case reports, brief communications, and letters to the editor, as well as review articles, opinions, editorials, and special invited submissions in the field of cardiac, vascular, and interventional radiology. This is the official journal of the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe, the Japanese Society of Interventional Radiology, and the British Society of Interventional Radiology.
Established in 1937, Cardiology provides a forum for scientific progress in the prevention, recognition, and treatment of heart disease. Bridging clinical, preclinical, and translational research, the contents include original research articles, topical reviews, and expert opinion commentaries. Sections such as “Coronary Artery Disease”, “Imaging”, “Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia”, or “eCardiology/Digital Health” highlight the wide variety of subspecialty areas covered and feature new developments in noninvasive and invasive diagnostic methods, epidemiology, as well as pharmacological, preventive, and mechanical/surgical therapies.
Cardiology publishes articles relevant to cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, internists, clinical physiologists, pharmacologists, and professionals from other areas of medicine interested in cardiovascular diseases.
Published four times a year—in February, May, August, and November—Cardiology Clinics updates you on the latest trends in patient management, keeps you up to date on the newest advances, and provides a sound basis for choosing treatment options. Tailored to meet the needs of those in the field of cardiology, each issue focuses on a single cardiology topic, including acute coronary syndromes/cardiac emergencies, coronary artery disease, heart failure, heart rhythm disorders, and much more.
Cardiology Journal (formelly Folia Cardiologica) is a scientific, peer-reviewed journal covering a broad spectrum of topics in cardiology. The journal has been published since 1994 and over the years it has become an internationally recognized journal of cardiological and medical community. This growing interest in Cardiology Journal is mostly due to constantly increasing quality of original papers submitted to the journal from all-over-the-world, excellent educational content with interesting review and how to do articles, and instructional case reports. Cardiology Journal is the journal for practicing cardiologists, researchers, and young trainees benefiting from broad spectrum of useful educational content. All these factors led the journal to receiving an international indexation in Medline, EMBASE, Index Copernicus (9.00), PBL GBL and Thomson Reuters database. The journal remains an official journal of several Working Groups of the Polish Cardiac Society.
Cardiology and Therapy is a fully open access, internationally peer-reviewed, rapid publication journal (peer review in 2 weeks, published 3-4 weeks from acceptance). Emphasis is placed on the publication of high-quality practical and clinical research around new and existing therapies in all areas of cardiology, including interventional cardiology. Studies relating to diagnosis, health economics, outcomes research, patient care, management, and education are also encouraged. The journal is of interest to a broad audience of pharmaceutical and healthcare professionals and publishes original research, drug reviews, case reports, and short communications. Moving forward from traditional publishing, Cardiology and Therapy offers a range of additional features designed to increase visibility and readership. As such, each paper is accompanied by a bulleted slide summary giving a time-efficient overview of the content to a wider readership. All submissions have the option to include slide sets, video components, animations, and/or interactive case studies.Cardiology and Therapy publishes supplements and special issues (in English or a local language). Material appropriate for supplements/special issues include: sponsored meeting proceedings, roundtable discussions, workshop reports, case series, and collections of articles on the same topic. All articles are subject to peer review, and must adhere to the IJCME and GPP policies on acknowledgments/disclosures. Proposals for supplements are welcomed, and should be addressed to nicola.cartridge@springer.comFor authors: Upon acceptance of your article for publication, you will be required to pay the article open access fee of £175/€200/$260 per printed page. This will enable you to keep the copyright: you are simply assigning the exclusive right to any commercial use of the article to Springer. Your article will be immediately and permanently available with open, access.
American Heart Association members are eligible for a 20% discount on subscription rates.Edited by some of the world's best-known authorities, Cardiology in Review provides readers with critical state-of-the-art reviews of topics that are relevant to current and future cardiovascular medicine and surgery practice. Each issue includes articles by leading international experts in the areas of cardiovascular epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics, prevention, and therapeutics.Indexed in: MEDLINE/PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Science Citation Index Expanded, Current Contents/Clinical MedicineWebsite: www.cardiologyinreview.com.
Cardiovascular Diabetology is ready to receive manuscripts on all aspects of the diabetes/cardiovascular interrelationship and the dysmetabolic syndrome: this includes genetic, experimental, clinical, pharmacological, epidemiological, molecular biology and laboratory research.
This journal aims to provide its readers with a swift, yet complete, current awareness service. This is achieved both by the scope and structure of the journal, key features of which are:
• Careful selection of relevant abstracts (and other bibliographic data) from the latest issues of 4,000 leading international biomedical journals.
• The arrangement, within each issue, of abstracts into separate chapters devoted to a specific topic. The journal covers both surgical and non-surgical aspects of cardiovascular disease and includes cardiovascular aspects of hypertension. The chapter structure includes general aspects of diagnosis, treatment and epidemiology and prevention as well as an etiopathological breakdown of the diseases.
• Detailed author and keyword indexes to allow the reader to locate items of special interest.
Designed to objectively cover the world of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapy, and to bring you the information you need most in a timely and useful format, Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy takes a fresh and energetic look at advances in this dynamic field. Homing in on the most exciting work being done on new therapeutic agents, heart failure, hypertension and acute myocardial infarction, among others, Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy is an authoritative source of current and relevant news that is indispensable for cardiologists seeking to best serve their patients.
Providing you with a single, concise reference tool acknowledged to be among the finest in the world, Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy is listed in Current Contents and Index Medicus, the regular articles and frequent free supplementary issues equip you with an up-to-date source defined by the need for accurate information on an ever-changing field. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy is a careful and accurate guide through the maze of
Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology is a journal publishing the spectrum of basic to translational research in all aspects of cardiovascular physiology and medical treatment. It is the forum for academic and industrial investigators to disseminate research that utilizes engineering principles and methods to advance fundamental knowledge and technological solutions related to the cardiovascular system. Manuscripts spanning from subcellular to systems level topics are invited, including but not limited to implantable medical devices, hemodynamics and tissue biomechanics, functional imaging, surgical devices, electrophysiology, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, diagnostic instruments, transport and delivery of biologics, and sensors. In addition to manuscripts describing the original publication of research, manuscripts reviewing developments in these topics or their state-of-art are also invited.
Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics (CVIT) is an international journal covering the field of cardiovascular disease and includes cardiac (coronary and noncoronary) and peripheral interventions and therapeutics. Articles are subject to peer review and complete editorial evaluation prior to any decision regarding acceptability. CVIT is an official journal of The Japanese Association of Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics.
Cardiovascular Pathology is a bimonthly journal that presents articles on topics covering the entire spectrum of cardiovascular disease. The Journal's primary objective is to publish papers on disease-oriented morphology and pathogenesis from clinicians and scientists in the cardiovascular field. Subjects covered include cardiovascular biology, prosthetic devices, molecular biology and experimental models of cardiovascular disease.Cardiovascular Pathology also publishes timely and informative reviews on scientific areas in cardiovascular pathology as well as case reports that represent significant or unique observations.For more information about the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology (SCVP), please visit their website at URL: http://scvp.net .Benefits to authorsWe also provide many author benefits, such as free PDFs, a liberal copyright policy, special discounts on Elsevier publications and much more. Please click here for more information on our author services.Please see our Guide for Authors for information on article submission. If you require any further information or help, please visit our support pages: http://support.elsevier.com
Cardiovascular Research is the International Basic Science Journal of the European Society of Cardiology. The Journal is concerned with both basic and clinical research in the field of cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. The Journal welcomes submission of papers both at the molecular, subcellular, cellular, organ and organism level, and of clinically oriented papers offering insight into (patho)physiological mechanisms. Manuscripts may be submitted as Original Articles, Rapid Communications or Reviews. Moreover, the Journal publishes Letters to the Editor and Editorials (the latter are usually invited).Cardiovascular Research is proud of its fast Reviewing and Editorial Decision system. Manuscripts are normally evaluated by three members from an international panel of reviewers and, in most cases, we provide a first editorial decision within 22 days of receipt.
Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine (CRM) is an international and multidisciplinary journal that publishes original laboratory and clinical investigations related to revascularization therapies in cardiovascular medicine.Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine publishes articles related to preclinical work and molecular interventions, including angiogenesis, cell therapy, pharmacological interventions, restenosis management; and prevention, including experiments conducted in human subjects, in laboratory animals, and in vitro. Specific areas of interest include percutaneous angioplasty in coronary and peripheral arteries, intervention in structural heart disease, cardiovascular surgery, congenital heart disease, coronary heart disease, epidemiology, genetics, health services and outcomes research, invasive imaging, molecular cardiology, preventive cardiology, and vascular medicine.Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine will consider all articles describing clinical trials and translational research (ie, those that unite the clinic with the laboratory). The Journal publishes original articles, rapid communications, reviews, technical notes, teaching editorials, and special features. Original articles that address any aspect of cardiovascular revascularization medicine are invited. Letters to the Editor and interesting images are encouraged.
Cardiovascular Therapeutics (formerly Cardiovascular Drug Reviews) focuses on extensive reviews and original articles on the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The main focus of the journal is on articles in cardiovascular pharmacology and clinical pharmacology and clinical trials of new or potential cardiovascular therapies. Articles on translational research, pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine, device, gene and cell therapies and pharmacoepidemiology are also encouraged.
Cardiovascular Toxicology is the only journal dedicated to publishing contemporary issues, timely reviews, and experimental and clinical data on the molecular therapy of cardiovascular disease. CT publishes papers that will elucidate the effects, molecular mechanisms, and signaling pathways of environmental toxicants on the cardiovascular system. Also covered are the detrimental effects of new cardiovascular drugs, and cardiovascular effects of non-cardiovascular drugs, anti-cancer chemotherapy, and gene therapy. In addition, Cardiovascular Toxicology reports safety and toxicological data on new cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular drugs. This is a unique journal in which these data can be scrutinized separately from efficacy.
Cardiovascular Ultrasound is ready to receive manuscripts on all aspects of ultrasound in cardiovascular physiology and disease.
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry aims to cover all the latest and outstanding developments in medicinal chemistry and rational drug design for the discovery of new Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents. Each issue contains a series of timely in-depth reviews, original research articles and drug clinical trial studies written by leaders in the field covering a range of current topics in Cardiovascular & Hematological medicinal chemistry.
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets aims to cover all the latest and outstanding developments on the medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology, genomics and biochemistry of contemporary molecular targets involved in cardiovascular and hematological disorders e.g. disease specific proteins, receptors, enzymes, genes. Each issue of the journal contains a series of timely in-depth, reviews, original research articles, drug clinical trial studies and guest edited thematic issues written by leaders in the field covering a range of current topics on drug targets involved in cardiovascular and hematological disorders. As the discovery, identification, characterization and validation of novel human drug targets for cardiovascular and hematological drug discovery continues to grow; this journal is essential reading for all pharmaceutical scientists involved in drug discovery and development.
Career Development International provides a platform for research in the areas of Careers and Development that deals with questions of theories and theory development, as well as with organizational career strategy, policy and practice
Throughout the Caribbean there are groups of men and women who are coming together to learn – to deepen their intellectual interests, to find out through discussion and reading more about themselves, their history, the lands in which they live, the world round about them. This journal is published for these men and women . . . for all men and women who seek after knowledge; to be a bond between them, and to give them information about each other. Caribbean Quarterly (CQ) will aim at accuracy, objectivity, and clean thought, clearly expressed. Above all it seeks to establish and strengthen the tradition of the book and of learning in the Caribbean.
Philip Sherlock, co-editor, Caribbean Quarterly, 1.1 (April–June 1949)
Caribbean Quarterly (CQ) is one of the oldest periodicals in the English-speaking Caribbean. Regarded as the flagship publication of the University of the West Indies (UWI), it was launched by the then Department of Extra Mural Studies, UWI, in 1949, to be a platform from which research findings and general knowledge could be effectively disseminated within the campus and non-campus territories. Professor Rex Nettleford served as editor of CQ for forty years, until his death in February 2010. CQ is now produced under the umbrella of the Vice Chancellery.
CQ concerns itself with all aspects of Caribbean culture, in all its interdisciplinary ramifications. It is an outlet for the publication of results of research into, considered views on, and creative expressions of matters Caribbean. CQ publishes scholarly articles, personal and critical essays, public lectures, poetry, short fiction and book reviews – a lively diversity of types of writing reflecting the diversity of Caribbean culture. We invite original (previously unpublished) submissions on topics which are of general interest and relevance to the Caribbean. All scholarly articles are peer-reviewed: we insist on scholarly rigour, but we also encourage accessibility and discourage excessive use of academic jargon. Our aim is to produce high-quality material that can be understood by well-educated people from any discipline. Overall, we seek to paint a vivid picture of life in one of the most culturally diverse parts of the Western hemisphere, with information on its social and material culture, ethnology, history, peoples, religion and creative arts presented in a refreshingly accessible format.
Caries Research publishes epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory studies in dental caries, fluorosis, erosion, and related dental diseases. Some studies build on the considerable advances already made in caries prevention, e.g. through fluoride application. Some aim to improve understanding of the increasingly important problem of dental erosion and the associated tooth wear process. Others monitor the changing pattern of caries in different populations, explore improved methods of diagnosis, or evaluate methods of prevention or treatment. Studies using genetic methods to identify human genes or mutations associated with caries prevalence are welcome as are manuscripts using modern high-throughput sequencing methods to characterize microbial biofilms associated with oral health and active caries. The broad coverage of innovative research into dental caries is unique and has given the journal an outstanding international reputation as an indispensable source for both basic scientists and clinicians engaged in understanding, investigating, and preventing dental diseases.
Cartilage (CART) is a peer-reviewed quarterly journal on the musculoskeletal system with particular attention to cartilage repair, development, function, degeneration, transplantation, and rehabilitation. Aimed at researchers and clinicians involved in cartilage biology and repair, CART publishes full length original manuscripts on all types of cartilage including articular, nasal, auricular, tracheal/bronchial, and intervertebral disc fibrocartilage.
Cartographica delivers cutting-edge international research in all aspects of cartography (including the production, design, use, cognitive understanding, and history of maps), geovisualization, and GIScience. Cartographica offers unprecidented diversity and breadth of research and has featured the work of influential authors such as J.B. Harley, Mark Monmonier, Mark Kumler, Denis Wood, Muki Haklay, and David Mark.
Cartography and Geographic Information Science (CaGIS) is the official publication of the Cartography and Geographic Information Society. CaGIS supports research, education, and practices that improve the understanding, creation, analysis, and use of maps and geographic information. The society serves as a forum for the exchange of original concepts, techniques, approaches, and experiences by those who design, implement, and use geospatial technologies through the publication of authoritative articles and international papers. The role of the CaGIS journal is to facilitate these objectives by disseminating results and reports in these areas of interest.
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Case Reports in Acute Medicine is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes original case studies covering the entire spectrum of acute medicine, including emergency medicine, intensive care, and disaster medicine. The journal will also accept case reports related to the use of novel technologies, both in the area of diagnosis and treatment. Supplementary material is welcomed and free of charge. In this forum, clinicians and researchers communicate their observations to the broadest possible audience in the community.
Case Reports in Dermatology is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes original case studies covering the entire spectrum of dermatology, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment, toxicities of therapy, supportive care, quality-of-life, and survivorship issues. The journal will also accept case reports related to the use of novel technologies, both in the area of diagnosis and treatment. Supplementary material is welcomed and free of charge. In this forum, clinicians and researchers communicate their observations to the broadest possible audience in the community.
Case Reports in Gastroenterology is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes original case reports covering the entire spectrum of gastroenterology. The journal will also accept case reports related to the use of novel technologies, both in the area of diagnosis and treatment. Supplementary material is welcomed and free of charge. The reports are organized according to the classification used by the American Gastroenterological Association Institute; it will be possible to search across the entire growing collection of case reports with universally used terms, further facilitating the retrieval of specific information. In this forum, clinicians and researchers communicate their observations to the broadest possible audience in the community.
Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes original case reports covering the entire spectrum of nephrology and dialysis, including genetic susceptibility, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment or prevention, toxicities of therapy, critical care, supportive care, quality-of-life, and survival issues. The journal will also accept case reports dealing with the use of novel technologies, both in the area of diagnosis and treatment. In this forum, clinicians and researchers can communicate their findings to a broader neurology community. The authors may also provide supplementary material free of charge.
Case Reports in Neurology is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes original case studies covering the entire spectrum of neurology. In addition to single case studies, the journal accepts papers discussing case series, small clinical trials, and investigator-initiated trials to address the range of clinical practice. In this forum, clinicians and researchers can communicate their findings to a broader neurology community. The authors may also provide supplementary material free of charge.
Case Reports in Oncology is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes original case studies covering the entire spectrum of oncology, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment, toxicities of therapy, supportive care, quality-of-life, and survivorship issues. The journal will also accept case reports dealing with the use of novel technologies, both in the area of diagnosis and treatment. In this forum, clinicians and researchers can communicate their findings to a broader oncology community. The authors may also provide supplementary material free of charge.
This peer-reviewed, open-access journal publishes original case reports covering the entire spectrum of ophthalmology, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment, therapy, supportive care, and quality-of-life issues. Case Reports in Ophthalmology provides clinicians and researchers with a platform to disseminate their findings to a broader ophthalmology community. In addition to single case studies, the journal also accepts papers discussing case series and case reports dealing with the use of novel technologies, both in the area of diagnosis and treatment. Submission of negative results may be considered. Supplementary material is welcomed.
Case Reports in Orthopedic Research is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes original case studies covering the entire spectrum of orthopedics, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation, quality of life and novel technologies, and developments in the area of diagnosis and treatment. In this forum, clinicians and researchers can communicate their findings to a broader orthopedic community. The authors may also provide supplementary material free of charge.
The scope reflects the comprehensive nature of women's health and includes not only the core areas of OBGYN, but also the key subspecialty areas. The journal will cover eight specialties:
Case Studies in Construction Materials provides an Open Access forum for the rapid publication of short, structured Case Studies on construction materials and related Short Communications, and will provide an essential compendium of case studies for practicing engineers, designers, researchers and other practitioners who are interested in all aspects of construction materials. The journal will publish new and novel case studies, but will also provide a forum for the publication of high quality descriptions of classic construction material problems and solutions.
Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis provides a forum for the rapid publication of short, structured Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis and related Short Communications, and will provide an essential compendium of case studies for practitioners in the field of engineering failure analysis and others who are interested in the ways in which components fail.The journal will not only publish new and novel case studies, but will also provide a forum for the publication of high quality descriptions of classic failures. The journal will generally not publish design analyses, materials science studies or failures induced during laboratory testing. The scope of the journal will include case studies of component failures in the fields of mechanical, civil, aerospace, mining, oil and gas, medical, electrical, transportation, power generation, process and forensic engineering, although failure of engineering components in other areas will also be considered.Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis is an open access journal. If articles are accepted for publication, authors are requested to pay an Article Processing Fee of USD 500 (GBP 320, EURO 400, JPY 39,000) per article (exclusive of UK VAT at 20% which will be charged by Elsevier Ltd). Following payment of this fee, the article is made freely available to all on www.sciencedirect.com.
Submitted articles may be in the form of short communications on key professional issues or technologies, or more extended papers of a focussed research or engineering/applications nature, but not more than about 8 published pages long (about 12-14 pages of a 12 point Word document).
Submissions should be short, sharp papers and short communications which include: • Case studies developed by academics or researchers to illustrate a new fire science or engineering principle, or a new technology • Studies of the application of fire science and engineering to a real project or projects • Case studies which solve an engineering problem for multiple projects or the profession generally • Cases of failure analysis or research that may have reached even a negative • Short communications on industry or professional issues of concern internationally in relation to fire science and engineering
The list of topics
This is an ideal publication for the rapid publication and unfettered global promotion of fire engineering and fire research work. If you have ideas for short communications or longer papers, please feel free to make a submission via the website, or discuss directly with the Editor-in-Chief, Peter Johnson. Please note, the publication is open access and there is a small fee to process accepted papers (these fees can be covered by the publisher in certain circumstances). To find out more information on open access, please visit here:
By highlighting industrially relevant problems and challenges, and showcasing R&D demonstrations and success stories,
We invite you to join in the debate by contributing a short paper to
Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation publishes short communications on novel research applications in all fields of Nondestructive Testing, Evaluation and Structural Health Monitoring. The focus of the journal is on Case Studies, where the advantages and limits of a given approach are studied by a well-chosen application example, while novel methods and applications of known methods to new fields are also considered. Preferably, the study should focus on a real practical application. Other ways to assess a NDT&E method, for example, an in-depth numerical analysis compared with experimental results for a well characterized object, are also welcome.Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation is an Open Access journal. If articles are accepted for publication, authors are requested to pay an Article Processing Fee of USD 500 (GBP 320, EURO 400, JPY 39,000) per article (exclusive of UK VAT at 20% which will be charged by Elsevier Ltd). Following payment of this fee, the article is made freely available to all on www.sciencedirect.com.